Key Components
The components of a conventional fine mist sprayer include the actuator/spray head, diffuser nozzle, center stem, closure, gasket, piston core, piston, spring, housing, and dip tube. Among them, the piston is designed as an open type and is connected to the piston seat, achieving the function of opening the housing when the stem moves upward and sealing the chamber when it moves downward. The design and configuration of each component vary depending on the structure of the sprayer, but their common goal is to efficiently release the contents.
Water Discharge Principle
Evacuation Process: In the initial state, there is no liquid in the chamber of the base. When the actuator is pressed, the stem drives the piston downward, and the piston then pushes the piston seat, causing the volume of the chamber to compress and the internal air pressure to rise. At this time, the check valve closes the upper end of the dip tube to prevent backflow of the liquid. Since the seal between the piston and the piston seat is not completely airtight, the gas is squeezed out of the gap, pushing them apart and escaping from the chamber.
Water Suction Process: After the evacuation is completed, the actuator is released, and the compression force of the spring is released, pushing the piston seat upward. The gap between the piston seat and the piston then closes, while driving the piston and the stem to move upward. In this way, the volume of the chamber gradually increases, and the internal air pressure decreases, forming a near-vacuum state. This state causes the check valve to open, and the air pressure above the liquid level inside the container forces the liquid into the housing, completing the water suction action.
Water Discharge Process: The principle of this process is similar to the evacuation process. The main difference is that at this time, the housing is already filled with liquid. When the actuator is pressed again, the check valve quickly closes the upper end of the dip tube to prevent liquid backflow. At the same time, because the liquid is squeezed, it will force open the gap between the piston and the piston seat, flow into the compression tube, and spray out from the nozzle.
Atomization Principle
When the nozzle orifice diameter is very small and the pressing is smooth, the flow velocity of the liquid when flowing out of the small hole will be very high. This means that there is a high relative flow velocity between the air and the liquid at this time, similar to the situation where high-speed airflow impacts water droplets. Therefore, the subsequent analysis of the atomization principle is exactly identical to the case of a ball-pressure nozzle. The air impacts large water droplets into small water droplets, a process of gradually refining the water droplets. At the same time, the high-speed flowing liquid also drives the gas near the nozzle orifice to flow, increasing the gas velocity near the nozzle orifice and reducing the pressure, thereby forming a local negative pressure zone. This causes surrounding air to be sucked into the liquid, forming a gas-liquid mixture, which in turn produces an atomization effect.
Fine mist sprayers are widely used in the cosmetics field, and water-based products such as perfumes, hair gels, and air fresheners, as well as serums, cannot do without the support of this technology. Apart from fine mist sprayers, other dispensing systems like the trigger sprayer and pharmaceutical pump are also widely utilized across different industries.
The dispenser is a key component of the fine mist sprayer, and common types include the crimp-on type and the screw-on type.
The design of the sprayer head needs to match the neck diameter of the bottle body. Spray specifications are usually between 15mm and 24mm, and the single output is controlled between 0.1ml and 0.2ml. Such specifications are very suitable for the packaging needs of products like perfumes and hair gels. Meanwhile, the length of the tube can be flexibly adjusted according to the height of the bottle body.
Spray dosage technology is the key to ensuring an accurate dose for each spray. Common methods include the tare measurement method and the absolute value measurement method, and the error of both methods is controlled within 0.2g. In addition, the size of the housing will also affect the measurement accuracy.
The mold production for fine mist sprayers is relatively complex, so the cost is relatively high.